Tool shape selection and path planning are critical for 5-axis CNC flank milling of freeform surfaces, typically addressed using optimization algorithms where initialization plays a pivotal role.Existing approaches rely on user-specified initialization of either tool shapes or motion paths, often resulting in suboptimal outcomes.This paper introduc

This article analyzes the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the gear pump operating cycle by using a jet pump as a booster stage.The design of gear pumps is performed for one mode, and most often, it is a mode with minimum speed and high consumption relative to rotation speed.For gas turbine engines, this is the take-off mode, in which th

SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of COVID-19, has produced the largest pandemic in the the gel bottle cashmere 21st century, becoming a very serious health problem worldwide.To prevent COVID-19 disease and infection, a large number of vaccines have been developed and approved in record time, including new vaccines based on mRNA encapsulated in

The paper aims to characterization and diagnosis of the venture capital market and to determine its importance in the process of financing of bioenterprises.The followingresearch hypothesis was formulated: the growing importance of the bioeconomy sector in Poland in conjunction with the high investment risk, indicate a high potential for the develo

While virtual reality(VR) technology enhances learning, it also places new demands on medical learning evaluation.Verifying the occurrence of learning is a primary issue.To design and implement practical and feasible VR-based learning evaluation based on the immersive learning evaluation framework, the Substitution-Augmentation-Modification-Redefin